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Toussaint Louverture

Haitian general and revolutionary (1744–1803)

This article is about the Haitian Revolution leader. For other uses, see Toussaint Louverture (disambiguation).

"L'overture", "l'Ouverture", and "Louverture" redirect here. For other uses, see Ouverture (disambiguation) and Overture (disambiguation).

François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture (French:[fʁɑ̃swadɔminiktusɛ̃luvɛʁtyʁ], )^[2] also known as Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Bréda (20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803), was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution. During his life, Louverture first fought and allied with Spanish forces against Saint-Domingue Royalists, then joined with Republican France, becoming Governor-General-for-life of Saint-Domingue, and lastly fought against Bonaparte's republican troops.^[3]^[4] As a revolutionary leader, Louverture displayed military and political acumen that helped transform the fledgling slave rebellion into a revolutionary movement. Along with Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Louverture is now kn

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The spark of the French Revolution in 1789 inspired free people or color in Saint-Domingue to seek addition rights under the law. However, in August 1791, a Vodou ceremony marked the beginning of the rebellion amongst Saint-Domingue’s enslaved population. As an enslaver, Louverture left Bréda and removed his overseers from his coffee plantation. After joining the Spanish-allied military forces of Georges Biassou, he took on a leadership role in the rebellion, discussing strategy and negotiating supplies with the Spanish. In a late 1791 prisoner of war negotiation, Louverture made successions to the enslaved population in Saint-Domingue, banning the use of the whip, allowing an extra day off, and emancipating some of the rebellion’s leaders. In the years following, he earned notoriety as a significant military leader and skilled negotiator.

In the early 1790s, he adopted the surname Louverture and shifted his viewpoints on slavery and abolition. Instead of fighting for more humane treatment of enslaved individuals, he instead campaigned for the complete abolition of slavery. When

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Abstract

Toussaint Louverture (c1743-1803) was the heroic leading figure in the Haitian Revolution of 1791-1804, the only successful slave revolt in recorded history, and he remains an international inspiration, seen by many to be one of the greatest anti-imperialist fighters who ever lived. Toussaint was a military genius who led an army composed overwhelmingly of former enslaved Africans and people of African descent to victory after victory under the banner ‘Liberty or Death’ over the professional armies of France, Spain and Britain, before paying the ultimate price himself for refusing to compromise with imperial power at the expense of the maintenance of liberty for all. This new political biography of Toussaint aims to provide readers with an accessible yet scholarly introduction to his complex life while critically analysing Toussaint’s political thought, his contribution as a revolutionary leader, and his legacy for both Haiti and the wider world.

URI

http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/31609

Keywords

History; Toussaint Louverture; Haiti;